To the contrary, all of these devices exhibited the same kind of English-language and Latin alphabetic bias found in, for example, the early history of telegraphic codes and mechanical typewriters, as I’ve explored in my other research.ĭuring the 1980s, what ensued in China and the Chinese-speaking world was a period of intense hacking and modding. While we call them “peripherals,” suggesting a sort of supporting role, they are in fact at the very center of computing in Chinese, from the extreme limitations that Chinese computing faced in the 1970s and 80s to the immense strides and successes it has experienced from the 1990s onward.ĭuring the early rise of consumer PCs in the 1980s, no Western-manufactured personal computer, printer, monitor, operating system or other peripheral was capable of handling Chinese character input or output - not “out of the box,” at least.
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